The Big 51
The 51 Mental Events
The first ten events are present in every moment of consciousness.
| Group | Mental Event | Tibetan | Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Five Omnipresent | |||
| Omnipresent | Attraction | sems pa | chetana |
| Omnipresent | Sensation | tshor ba | vedana |
| Omnipresent | Perception | 'du shes | samjna |
| Omnipresent | Attention | yid la byed pa | manasikara |
| Omnipresent | Contact | reg pa | sparsa |
| Five Object Determining | |||
| Object Determining | Intention | 'dun pa | chanda |
| Object Determining | Interest / Determination | mos pa | adhimosksa |
| Object Determining | Mindfulness | dran pa | smriti |
| Object Determining | Concentration | ting nge 'dzin | samadhi |
| Object Determining | Discrimination | shes rab | prajna |
| Eleven Virtuous Mental States All eleven are present in every virtuous moment of consciousness. | |||
| Virtuous | Faith | dad pa | sraddha |
| Virtuous | Conscientiousness | bag yod | apramada |
| Virtuous | Pliancy / Alertness | shin tu sbyangs pa | prasrabdhi |
| Virtuous | Equanimity | btang snyoms | upeksa |
| Virtuous | Conscience / Self Respect | ngo tsha shes pa | hri |
| Virtuous | Shame | khrel yod pa | apatrapya |
| Virtuous | Non-Attachment | ma chags pa | alobha |
| Virtuous | Non-Aggression | zhe sdang med pa | advesa |
| Virtuous | Non-Delusion | gti mug med pa | amoha |
| Virtuous | Non-Violence | rnam par mi 'tshe ba | avihimsa |
| Virtuous | Diligence | brtson 'grus | virya |
| Six Basic Emotions | |||
| Basic Emotion | Ignorance / Delusion*** | ma rig pa | avidya |
| Basic Emotion | Attachment | 'dod chags | raga |
| Basic Emotion | Anger | khong khro | pratigha |
| Basic Emotion | Arrogance | nga rgyal | mana |
| Basic Emotion | Doubt | the tshoms | vichikitsa |
| Basic Emotion | Belief / Opinionatedness | lta ba | dristi |
| Twenty Subsidiary Emotions | |||
| Subsidiary Emotion | Fury / Indignation | khro ba | khroda |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Resentment | khon du 'dzin pa | upanaha |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Spite | 'tshig pa | pradasa |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Hostility / Malice | rnam par 'tshe ba | vihimsa |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Jealousy / Envy | phrag dog | irsya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Hypocrisy | gYo | sathya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Pretense / Deceit | sgyu | maya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Lack of Conscience / Disrespect | khrel med pa | anapatrapya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Concealment / Dishonesty | 'chab pa | mraksa |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Stinginess | ser sna | matsarya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Haughtiness | rgyas pa | mada |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Lack of Faith*** | ma dad pa | asraddhya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Heedlessness | bag med | pramada |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Forgetfulness | brjed ngas pa | musitasmritita |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Non-Alertness / Inattention | shes pa bzhin ma yin | asamprajanya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Shamelessness*** | ngo tsha med pa | ahrikya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Lethargy / Gloominess*** | rmugs pa | styana |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Elation / Restlessness*** | rgod pa | auddhatya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Laziness*** | le lo | kausidya |
| Subsidiary Emotion | Distraction | rnam pa gYeng ba | viksepa |
| Four Variables | |||
| Variable | Sleep / Drowsiness | gnyid | middha |
| Variable | Regret / Contrition | 'gyod | kaukritya |
| Variable | Conception / Examination | rtog pa | vitarka |
| Variable | Discernment / Analysis | dpyod pa | vichara |
Negative Emotion Notes
Big Blue
Lack of Conscience / Disrespect is present in all non-virtuous mental events.
Triple Starred Emotions
*** marks the six emotions which cluster. All arise simultaneously when any one arises.
Red-Boxed Emotions
Attachment, anger, arrogance, and lack of faith require their own individual moments. They cannot co-exist in the same mind moment, but may arise in rapid oscillation.